或许水里面的寄生虫已经不再成为我们的话题。
Perhaps the parasites in the water are no longer a topic of our conversation.
在这几十年里，尤其是我们的发达地区，人们不再直饮生水。
但在海外的落后地区，如巴基斯坦的旁遮普，经常看到小孩因感染水中的寄生虫，头上长出一个个的大包。
In the past few decades, especially in our developed areas, people no longer drink raw water directly.
However, in backward areas, such as Punjab in Pakistan, it’s common to see child with a big bump on his heads due to parasites in the water.
What terrible parasites is it in the water?这些小虫子寄生在宿主的血液中，它会让宿主患上血吸虫病。它们生活在水中，当人们接触到受污染的水后，血吸虫就会刺破他们的皮肤。这种寄生虫会引起发炎（肿胀），损害器官，尤其是肝脏。成虫能寄生在人类宿主身上数十年，可能数年不显示任何症状。它们随排便离开寄主，在蜗牛寄主中度过它们的余生。症状：发热、疼痛、咳嗽、腹泻、肿胀、昏睡。These small worms are parasitic in the blood of the host, and it can make the host suffer from schistosomiasis. They live in water. The Schistosomes will pierce the skin when people come into contaminated water. This parasite can cause inflammation (swelling) and damage organs, especially the liver. Adult worms can live on human hosts for decades, they may show no symptoms for several years. They leave the host at random and spend the rest of their lives in the snail host.Symptoms: fever, pain, cough, diarrhea, swelling, lethargy.绦虫通过污染食品传播，通过头部的“钩子”附着在寄主的内脏。绦虫3、4个月就可成熟。它能寄生于人体长达25年。绦虫卵可通过粪便排出，能存活于植物中，然后被牛、猪吃下，或者传给人类。症状：恶心、呕吐、内脏发炎、腹泻、体重减轻、头晕眼花、痉挛、营养不良。Tapeworms are spread by contaminating food and attach to the host's internal organs through the "hooks" on the head. Tapeworms can mature in 3 or 4 months. It can parasitize our body for up to 25 years. Tapeworm eggs can be excreted through feces, can survive in plants, and then it be eaten by cows and pigs, or passed to humans directly.Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, visceral inflammation, diarrhea, weight loss, dizziness, cramps, malnutrition.这种寄生线虫的生命开始于人体外，它通过受污染的水、水果和蔬菜进入人体。钩虫幼虫在人的内脏里生长，它们附着在寄主内脏壁上，吸寄主的血，有时会让寄主患上叫做肠虫病的贫血症。症状：虚弱、腹痛、恶心、腹泻、贫血。The parasitic nematode begins outside the human body, and it enters the human body through contaminated water, fruits and vegetables. Hookworm larvae grow in the internal organs of humans, they attach to the internal organs of the host and suck the blood of the host. Sometimes the host suffers from anemia called intestinal worm disease.Symptoms: weakness, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, anemia.通常被叫做人疥虫，这种寄生虫通过身体接触传播。雌疥虫在的人的皮肤上产卵，引起皮肤反应和发炎。当雌疥虫把卵埋在皮肤下人的反应会加剧，如刺痒，这就是疥疮。症状：刺痒、疼痛、脓结、皮肤刺激。Scabies called human scabies usually, this parasite is spread through physical contact. Female scabies lay eggs on the human skin, causing skin reactions and inflammation. When the female scabies buried the eggs under the skin, the human's reaction will increase, such as itching, which is scabies.Symptoms: itching, pain, pus, skin irritation.这种常见的新月形寄生虫会侵袭人的中枢神经系统。人会通过吃不熟的肉或者抱被感染的宠物感染这种寄生虫。大多数人曾感染过这种寄生虫，显示它的抗体，但是很少有人表现出症状。免疫系统较弱的人更易感染弓形虫，孕妇感染弓形虫胎儿会受到严重或者致命的影响。症状：流感症状、发烧、寒战、虚弱、头疼。The common crescent-shaped parasite invades the human central nervous system. People can suffer this parasite from eating undercooked meat or embracing the infected pets. Most people have been infected with this parasite, but few people show unusual symptoms. People with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to infect the Toxoplasma gondii, if pregnant women who are infected with Toxoplasma gondii, the fetuses will be affected severely and fatally.Symptoms: flu symptoms, fever, chills, weakness, headache.蓝氏贾第虫是有鞭毛的原生寄生虫。它寄生繁殖在人类的内脏，可引起贾第鞭毛虫病。这种寄生虫在人类内脏落脚之后会引起发炎和其他损害，减弱内脏吸收营养的能力，引起腹泻。这种寄生虫存在于饮用水中。症状：腹泻、恶心、腹痛、体重减轻、打嗝会发出烂鸡蛋的气味。Giardia lamblia is a protozoan parasite with flagella. It reproduces in the internal organs of humans and can cause Giardiasis. This parasite will cause inflammation and other damage after settling down at the human internal organs, they weaken the internal organs' ability to absorb nutrients, and cause diarrhea. This parasite is found in drinking water.Symptoms: diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, weight loss, hiccups will give off the smell of rotten eggs.痢疾阿米巴是一种单细胞有机体，它能引起阿米巴病。这种寄生虫主要感染人类和其他灵长类。它可能存在于水中、潮湿环境中和土壤中，可能会污染水果和蔬菜。痢疾阿米巴通过粪便传播。不同于疟原虫，它比其他原生动物更能导致死亡。症状：腹痛、体重减轻、虚弱。Entamoeba histolytica is a single-celled organism that can cause amoebiasis. This parasite mainly infects humans and other primates. It may exist in water, humid environment and soil, it may contaminate fruits and vegetables. Entamoeba histolytica is transmitted through feces. It different from malaria parasites, it can cause death more than other protozoa.Symptoms: abdominal pain, weight loss, weakness,不喝生水，既是对自己的健康负责，也是对家人的负责的行为。Not drinking raw water is not only responsible for your own health, but also your family.
